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神都风物 | 文峰塔：藏在文昌风铃声里的洛阳文脉_我的网站

A |     洛阳     物华天宝、文脉昌盛、景致奇秀     创造了底蕴深厚的地方特色文化     风物     一地山水人文所孕育的     古迹、味道、匠心、地标     ……     为了展示洛阳的百般风物     洛阳旅游开设专题栏目     《神都风物》     带游游一起怀念一段时光     感悟一份心境     寻觅一种味道     今天     我们就来看看     洛阳的地标之一     ↓↓↓     文峰塔          文峰塔旧貌 资料图     如今，矗立在洛邑古城广场中央的青石砖塔便是文峰塔，洛阳民间有谚语“洛阳有座文峰塔，离天只有丈七八”，形容的正是此塔。    Sputnik spoke with Dr. D. B. Bhaaskara, CEO of the multinational company Roerich Healthcare, about the current state of pharma trade with Russia.,Sputnik: Can you explain the current state of pharma supplies to Russia?,D. B. Bhaaskara: Currently, pharmaceutical shipments of Indian firms to Russia are at the same level even after the sanctions. But, there are many proposals (supplies) that Russians are not getting from the European Union. Russians are looking for these materials (chemicals, excipients, APIs [Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients]) with several Indian manufacturers. They have to develop links with Indian firms. There are many proposals from Russia - these proposals are under consideration from the Indian side.,Sputnik: There were reports of delayed payments from Russia initially after sanctions. As we see, trade has jumped manifold in the energy and fertilizer sectors. Do you think payment issues have been resolved in other sectors as well?,D. B. Bhaaskara: Several Indian companies have signed contracts in yuan, which means they are ready to receive payment in China's yuan. Still, the preferred mode of settlement is in the Indian rupee. As export procedures closed successfully in USD/euro/INR, Russians set aside yuan contracts.,My company is receiving regular payment without any delay in Indian rupees or USD or sometimes in euros.,Sputnik: What about logistical issues, as sanctions hit the shipping sector?,D. B. Bhaaskara: The logistical issues are still there because few airlines — namely Aeroflot, Emirates, Qatar, and Turkish — are available for transportation. Transportation costs are slightly high because of no regular cargo consignments. They vary between $8-12 per kg compared to $5 per kg in a normal situation.,Cargo sea shipment is still in a mess. The only port in Gujarat accepts Russian shipping. Here again, the container price is very, very high. We have to pay anything between $9,000 - 12,000 for a container. When there was no conflict or sanctions, it was $2,500 per container.,We have tried to send our shipments via Iran. So, from Gujarat port, the shipment reaches an Iranian port, and from there, it goes via road or rail to Moscow. But, it is taking a much longer time. In general, it is supposed to arrive in 30-40 days, but on an experimental basis, some companies sent their materials via the Iran route, [and they are] still on their way even after two months.,Shanghai is very crowded and has also been hit by the pandemic, making it unsuitable for us. So, the only problem right now is logistics; there is no payment issue.,Some Russian companies have an account with European banks operating in Russia dealing in oil and gas payments. Those banks are being used to send money anywhere worldwide, even with sanctions.,Sputnik: Western firms intended to withdraw their operations in Russia in response to Moscow's special military operation. Do you see some significant investments from Indian pharma companies in Russia to fill the vacuum created by the west?,D. B. Bhaaskara: There are long-pending proposals from a couple of governors, such as [in] Volgograd and Kazan, inviting India's major pharma companies to set up manufacturing units in their region. But, due to the pandemic, nothing moved ahead.,A delegation will be going to Russia to explore the opportunities in Russia in July. A few Indian companies, such as Sun Pharma and Advance Pharma, have manufacturing units in Russia doing finished formulations.,Hopefully, some new companies are interested in setting up units there now. But, Russia is looking to scale up raw material manufacturing, e.g., API. For this, much homework related to regulation should be done between the two governments, especially under sanctions.,Also, big companies such as Sun Pharma, Aurbindo, and Dr. Reddy, all with significant exposure to the US market, may try to avoid investing in Russia because they are scared of the risk associated with sanctions.,Medium-scale companies can come forward to set up raw material (API) manufacturing in Russia. However, it is unclear whether Indian workers/professionals can go and work in Russia. Setting up a new unit in unknown topography with a different language and culture is a little complicated. A lot of these questions are unanswered.。    文峰塔始建于北宋年间，明朝时毁于战火（明末闯王李自成进攻洛阳城时推毁了文峰塔），至清朝初期得以重建，保留至今。    塔高约33米，由塔基、塔身和塔刹三部分组成，内留砖塔心，每层之间建术质楼板和楼梯，可盘旋而上。如今为保护古塔，已将塔门封闭。         走至文峰塔北可以看到，塔一至八层向北各开一弧形拱门，皆有门额（第一层已将塔门封闭。门额损毁，对联可辨识为“楹苑桃李接东壁，楼上风云通北斗”，五到九层门额已识不清。二层门额“二耀临门”，三层门额“三才近楼”，四层门额“四辅交紫”）；第九层则四面各开一弧形拱门，可供远望。    如此修建则体现了文峰塔独特的军事意义顶层四面开门，若遇战争可于塔顶设岗放哨，居高临下，便于守城。

B |          文峰塔的塔名，与其供奉的文昌、魁星二神有关。文昌，又名文曲星、文星，最早为古代神话中主宰功名、禄位的神，后为道教所承袭。元仁宗延祐三年(公元1316年)，将梓潼帝君加封为“辅元开化文昌司禄宏仁帝君”，与文昌合二为一，称文昌帝君。    魁星源于古代星宿崇拜。汉代《孝经纬·援神契》说：“奎主文章。”后在科举制中，文人考取“五经”第一名的，被称作“经魁”。因“魁”与“奎”同音，又有“首”之义，人们便将主掌文运的奎星改为魁星信仰。         文昌、魁星二神，在过去受到文人的普遍崇拜。建塔奉祀文昌、魁星，意在期盼洛阳文化昌盛，多出人才。    北宋西京洛阳城东南一带，在唐武周时期曾开挖新潭，作为隋唐大运河的漕运码头，鼎盛时能容上万艘船只停靠。从五代到北宋，新潭逐渐损毁荒废，金以后基本无存，其遗址即在今文峰塔附近。    原来新潭所在的位置，是全城的最低洼处。北宋在其上始建文峰塔，填补缺陷，当为祈求洛阳城地势平衡。         《相宅经纂》卷二讲道：“凡都省、府、州、县、乡、村，人文不利，不发科甲者，可于甲、巽、丙、丁四方位上择其吉地，立一文笔尖峰，只要高过别山，即发科甲。”     洛阳地势是北高南低，落差很大，修建形如毛笔的文峰塔，高耸入云，既可接纳天地灵气，弥补地势低洼的不足，更能在此基础上促使该地文运兴盛，科举夺魁。

C |          如今     以文峰塔为核心的洛邑古城     经过精心打造     已成为洛阳     新的景区和名片返回，查看更多。

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