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Scientists Reveal How Mosquitoes Are Able to Smell Humans Even Without Antennae_我的网站

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一 |     1-10名持续更新          第11‑20位:          11、莱昂纳德:93(快船)          12、塔图姆:93(凯尔特人)          13、米切尔:93(骑士)          14、唐斯:93(尼克斯)          15、马克西:92(76人)          16、詹姆斯:91(76人)          17、布朗:91(76人)          18、恩比德:91(76人)          19、布克:91(太阳)          20、哈利伯顿:90(步行者)          第21-30位:          21、安东尼·戴维斯:90(奇才)          22、贾马尔·穆雷:89(掘金)          23、斯科蒂·巴恩斯:88(猛龙)          24、阿奴诺比:88(尼克斯)          25、阿夫迪亚:88(开拓者)          26、里夫斯:88(湖人)          27、班凯罗:87(魔术)          28、杰伦·约翰逊:87(老鹰)          29、阿德巴约:87(热火)          30、西亚卡姆:87(步行者)          第31-40位:          31、詹姆斯·哈登:87(骑士)          32、埃文·莫布利:87(骑士)          33、阿尔佩伦·申京:87(火箭)          34、斯蒂芬·卡斯尔:87(马刺)          35、特雷·杨:87(奇才)          36、凯里·欧文:87(独行侠)          37、库珀·弗拉格:87(独行侠)          38、劳里·马尔卡宁:86(爵士)          39、拉梅洛·鲍尔:86(森林狼)          40、小贾伦·杰克逊:86(灰熊)          第41-50位:          41、阿门·汤普森:86(火箭)          42、切特·霍姆格伦:86(雷霆)          43、达米安·利拉德:86(开拓者)          44、杰伦·杜伦:85(活塞)          45、杰伦·威廉姆斯:85(雷霆)          46、吉米·巴特勒:85(勇士)          47、特雷·墨菲 :85(鹈鹕)          48、弗朗茨·瓦格纳:85(魔术)          49、小迈克尔·波特:85(篮网)          50、锡安·威廉姆森:85(鹈鹕)          第51-60位:          51、迪伦・哈珀:85(马刺)          52、杰登・麦克丹尼尔斯:85(森林狼)          53、奥萨尔・汤普森:85(活塞)          54、希罗:85(雄鹿)          55、萨博尼斯:85(国王)          56、贾勒特・艾伦:85(骑士)          57、布兰登・米勒:85(黄蜂)          58、福克斯:84(马刺)          59、戈贝尔:84(森林狼)          60、莫兰特:84(开拓者)          第61-70位:          61、英格拉姆:84(猛龙)          62、吉迪:84(公牛)          63、诺曼・鲍威尔:84(公牛)          64、加兰:84(快船)          65、贝恩:84(魔术)          66、克努佩尔:84(黄蜂)          67、祖巴茨:84(步行者)          68、米卡尔・布里奇斯:84(尼克斯)          69、基扬特・乔治:84(爵士)          70、亚历山大-沃克:83(老鹰)          第71-80位:          71、德里克・怀特:83(凯尔特人)          72、阿隆・戈登:83(掘金)          73、兰德尔:83(篮网)          74、CJ・麦科勒姆:83(老鹰)          75、VJ・埃奇库姆:83(76人)          76、萨尔:83(奇才)          77、德罗赞:83(未签约)          78、保罗・乔治:82(凯尔特人)          79、约什・哈特:82(尼克斯)          80、纳兹・里德:82(黄蜂)          第81-90位:          81、霍勒迪:82(开拓者)          82、哈尔滕施泰因:82(雷霆)          83、阿贾伊・米切尔:82(雷霆)          84、狄龙・布鲁克斯:82(太阳)          85、普里查德:82(凯尔特人)          86、拉文:82(国王)          87、RJ・巴雷特:82(猛龙)          88、德章泰・穆雷:82(鹈鹕)          89、克林根:82(开拓者)          90、奎克利:82(猛龙)          第91-100位:          91、卡森・华莱士:81(雷霆)          92、布泽利斯:81(公牛)          93、卡鲁索:81(雷霆)          94、戴森・丹尼尔斯:81(老鹰)          95、多森姆:81(森林狼)          96、夏普:81(开拓者)          97、奥孔古:81(老鹰)          98、德文・瓦塞尔:81(马刺)          99、托拜厄斯・哈里斯:81(马刺)          100、凯斯勒:81(湖人)。    Mosquitoes use the body odor, heat, and carbon dioxide that humans emit, varying from person to person, to find their next meal. The study, which was published in the scientific journal Cell, reveals that mosquitoes may perceive odors via a variety of distinct pathways, in contrast to animals, which have a single set of neurons that detect each sort of odor.,Female mosquitoes use the variety of odors that people and other animals produce to find the blood that will feed their eggs. The olfactory neurons in the insects' antennae, which are where they take up scents, detect and send scent information to the brain.,Groups of human-odor receptors on the olfactory neurons in the antennae of female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) were rendered inactive by the study's lead author Meg Younger and her colleagues at Boston University in Massachusetts using the gene editing tool CRISPR.,"We found that there’s a real difference in the way mosquitoes encode the odors that they encounter compared to what we’ve learned from other animals,” Younger is quoted as saying in the Guardian report on the findings.,According to Younger, the scientists believed that mosquitoes would adhere to the core tenet of olfaction, which states that each neuron expresses only one type of receptor.,“Instead, what we’ve seen is that different receptors can respond to different odors in the same neuron," she added.,This reportedly suggests that mosquitoes can still detect human odors after losing one or more receptors. The researchers asserted that this backup system may have developed as a survival mechanism.,"The mosquito Aedes aegypti is specialized to bite humans, and it is believed that they evolved to do that because humans are always close to fresh water and mosquitoes lay their eggs in fresh water. We are basically the perfect meal, so the drive to find humans is extremely strong," Younger explained,In the end, the researchers argued, knowing how the mosquito brain perceives human odor could be used to influence biting behavior and stop the spread of diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever that are transmitted by those insects.,"One major strategy for controlling mosquitoes is to attract them to traps to remove them from the biting population. If we could use this knowledge to understand how human odor is represented in the mosquito antennae and brain, we could develop blends that are more attractive to mosquitoes than we are. We could also develop repellants that target those receptors and neurons that detect human odor," Younger concluded.,Notably, Christopher Potter at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Maryland recently found a similar phenomenon in fruit flies, or Drosophila melanogaster.,“If one of these types of olfactory receptors is mutated or no longer functioning, there’s this backup system," Potter is quoted as saying in the New Scientist report. “It’s changing the dogma of what we thought we knew about the olfactory system.”,Science & TechSmell of Blood: Mosquitoes' Scent-Based Host-Seeking Mechanism Revealed16 May, 05:54 GMT。

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